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The Belgian Massacres
''The Belgian Massacres. To the Workmen of Europe and the United States.'' was a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx in May 1869.
Socialism in Belgium began to expand towards the end of the 19th century. The reign of Leopold II saw the rise of organized Socialist political groups and parties, most notably among the industrial workers in Wallonia. The early socialist movement was characterized by a successful co-operative movement in Flanders. Trade unions were legalized in 1866, opening the way to organized labor politics. The International Workingmen's Association held its first conference outside Switzerland in Brussels in 1868 as Belgian socialism, under figures such as César De Paepe, expanded dramatically. In April 1869, a strike broke out in the eastern towns of Seraing and Frameries which was repressed with violence. At least nine strikers were killed by the ''Garde Civique''.
Marx's pamphlet, prepared in French and English versions, was presented to the General Council of the International Workingmen's Association. It was later republished in a number of Belgian and European newspapers. In it, Marx criticizes the Belgian capitalists and church for the violence of the repression and calls for money to be collected by workers from Europe and the United States to compensate the families of the workers killed.
==References==
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